9 apartments for sale in England Creek

Low-Maintenance Living in Lowood Step into easy, modern living with this 4-bedroom, 2-bathroom unit, perfectly suited to first home buyers looking to take that exciting first step onto the property ladder. Open-plan kitchen, living & dining Four comfortable bedrooms Two bathrooms Low-maintenance living Two outdoor patios Conveniently close to Lowood town, shops and schools A wonderful opportunity to enjoy your own space without the upkeep of a large property. Move in, make it yours and start your next chapter. Offers Over $699,000 - enquire today!

This beautiful townhouse offers modern living with privacy and a low-maintenance lifestyle. Perfect for families, first-time buyers, or investors, this property features privacy and is designed for comfort and convenience. Key Features: Air Conditioning: Stay comfortable year-round with air conditioning in the living room, and all 3 bed rooms. Kitchen: Featuring modern appliances, ample storage, and a perfect layout for cooking and entertaining. Ceiling Fans: Ceiling fans through out the property in the living room, all 3 bedrooms, ensure year round comfort. Large Pool & BBQ Area: The complex includes a fantastic pool and BBQ area, ideal for enjoying time with family and friends. Side Access to Backyard: Enjoy easy access to the backyard, providing space for pets, kids, or extra storage. Handy Third Toilet Downstairs: Added convenience for busy family life or when entertaining guests. Remote-Control Garage with Storage: Single-car garage with remote access and ample storage space for y

SEPARATE, NON CONNECTED DUPLEX EACH UNIT: OFFERS OVER $599,000 PER UNIT SOLID LOWSET BRICK 2 BEDROOMS WITH BUILT INS SPACIOUS BATHROOM ORIGINAL NEAT KITCHEN OPEN PLAN LOUNGE/DINING SPACES UNIT 1 - DOUBLE GARAGE, SIDE YARD ACCESS UNIT 2 - SINGLE GARAGE STORAGE ROOM OFF GARAGE FRESH PAINT & FLOORING REPAINTED ROOF SOME NEW FENCING & RETAINING WALLS PRIVATE POSITION OFF-ROAD CLOSE TO HIGHWAY, SHOPS & SCHOOLS Here's something a little different two separate duplex-style homes, sitting privately away from the main road, with the flexibility to buy one or take the opportunity to secure both. And these aren't your typical duplexes. They're not connected, so each home has its own separate footprint, garage and outdoor space. Both are strata titled, making this a particularly interesting proposition for investors wanting to add to their portfolio or buyers looking for a property with genuine flexibility. Tucked away at the end of a long driveway via easement, both homes offer two built in bedro

Set behind the security and privacy of a well-maintained gated community, 39/15 Workshops Street presents an appealing opportunity to secure a spacious, low-maintenance residence where everyday comfort, practical design and lifestyle convenience come together with ease. Thoughtfully arranged and complemented by an impressive selection of resident facilities, the home delivers a relaxed and highly functional living environment within one of Brassall's most convenient locations. Inside, a light-filled open-plan living and dining zone creates an inviting central space for everyday living and entertaining, complemented by split-system air-conditioning and ceiling fans for year-round comfort. The adjoining kitchen is practical and well-appointed, offering generous bench space, ample storage and quality appliances including an oven and cooktop. Accommodation has been thoughtfully separated to balance comfort and privacy, headlined by a spacious master suite complete with built-in storage and

Welcome to what is possibly one of the best presented, owner occupied units in Lowood! Positioned in the peaceful Eagle Rise Estate, this modern home offers the ideal combination of contemporary comfort, low-maintenance living, and country charm. All just 30 minutes from the Ipswich CBD. Situated in a quiet cul-de-sac with only 3 other driveways - quiet, private, yet secure and safe. Step inside to discover functions, light-filled layout design for practical living. Featuring open-plan air-conditioned living and dining areas, a sleek central kitchen equipped with quality appliances, and a seamless flow out to the private, fully fenced courtyard. Perfect for kids, pets, or weekend relaxation. Whether you are looking for an affordable family home retreat or a set-and-forget addition to you investment portfolio, this property delivers exceptional value in a fast-growing corridor. Key Features: • Spacious 4 bedrooms with built-ins and ceiling fans. Master suite complete with private ensuit

One-On-One Inspections are available for this property at a time to best suit you and your schedule. Positioned within a well-maintained complex in the heart of Brassall, this stylish three-bedroom townhouse offers the perfect blend of comfort, convenience, and low-maintenance living. Whether you're a first home buyer, downsizer, or savvy investor, this property presents an outstanding opportunity to secure a home in one of Ipswich's most sought-after suburbs. Designed with practicality in mind, the home features a functional layout with three generous bedrooms, two well-appointed bathrooms, and a secure single-car space. Set within a spacious complex on approximately 15,388m² of land, residents can enjoy a relaxed lifestyle while remaining just moments from schools, shopping, parks, and major transport links. Property Features:: Three spacious bedrooms: Two well-appointed bathrooms: Secure single-car accommodation: Practical and functional floorplan: Low-maintenance lifestyle: Ideal f

BUY ONE OR BUY BOTH - DUPLEX 2 x 2 BEDROOM UNITS GENEROUS SHARED 946M2 BLOCK QUIET BRASSALL LOCATION ROOF RECENTLY RESTORED PREVANTIVE TERMITE BARRIER NO BODY CORP FEES - INSURANCE ONLY EACH UNIT BOASTS: SEPERATE TILED LOUNGE ROOM SINGLE GARAGE WITH REMOTE SHUTTERS INSTALLED IN LOUNGE SEPERATE BATH, SHOWER & TOILET GENEROUSE SIZE KITCHEN INTERNAL LAUNDRY SPACIOUS BACKYARD WITH GARDEN SHED Buy one, buy both, or secure an investment opportunity that's becoming increasingly difficult to find. Whether you're searching for your next addition to the portfolio, looking to accommodate extended family, or wanting to live in one home while enjoying an income from the other, this unique dual key opportunity offers flexibility that will appeal to a wide range of buyers. Positioned in a quiet and established pocket of Brassall, these two well-presented residences sit on a generous 946sqm allotment and have been designed to offer privacy, comfort and easy everyday living. Built in 1993 and sharing a

Discover the perfect blend of modern sophistication, space, and effortless living in this recently finished and brand new property! This east-facing residence catches the beautiful morning sun, creating a warm, welcoming atmosphere. Built to an exceptional standard with 2.7m ceilings and premium stone benchtops throughout, it is 100% complete and ready to move straight into or lease out to quality tenants immediately with zero downtime. Offering an expansive 177m² floorplan-roughly 16m² larger than typical duplexes in the area-the home features 3 spacious bedrooms, 2 stylish bathrooms, and a light-filled, air-conditioned main living area. The modern kitchen includes extra storage, while the master suite boasts its own air conditioning and walk-in robe. Outdoors, enjoy a covered patio and a generous side yard with ample room to park a trailer, boat, or caravan. Part of a newly completed, strata-titled duplex (no shared body corporate fees; separate power/water meters). Lowood offers a r

2 Bed | 1 Bath | 1 Car Positioned in a highly convenient pocket of Arana Hills, Unit 44/9 Leslie Street is a solid brick-construction townhouse featuring a durable tile roof, built to stand the test of time. Offering a beautifully spacious, double-story floor plan that maximizes every square meter, this durable property presents an exceptional opportunity for both savvy investors and future owner-occupiers. The home provides absolute peace of mind with security screens and window screens fitted throughout, alongside a secure tenancy already in place until December 12. Low Strata Fees: Just $647.52 per quarter (with a 10% discount for paying on time!). Administrative Fund: $447.38 & Sinking Fund: $200.14 The expansive ground floor serves as the central hub of the home, offering plenty of room to move across a light-filled, open-plan living and dining area equipped with a split-system air conditioner for year-round comfort. This space flows seamlessly into a practical, all-electric kitch

Freshly renovated and built for easy living, this two bedroom, one bathroom apartment in a boutique Newmarket complex is ready for its next chapter. Whether you are buying your first home, adding to an investment portfolio or trading a big house for a smart Brisbane pad, everything here has been done for you. Move in, rent it out or lock up and travel. Features include: • 2 bedrooms, study nook, 1 bathroom, 1 car lock up garage plus storage • First level with elevated breezes, city glimpses and urban outlook • Freshly renovated and well presented, move in and enjoy • Open-plan kitchen, living and dining leading out to private balcony • Low maintenance kitchen with breakfast bar and plenty of storage • Internal laundry, built-in wardrobes to both bedrooms, with extra robe space in the main • Generous bathroom with lovely shower space and extra storage • Prime Newmarket position, close to transport, Newmarket Shops, major transport hubs, and minutes to both the CBD, QUT Kelvin Grove and

Located in the heart of Kelvin Grove, this modern top-floor apartment combines low-maintenance living with outstanding convenience. Enjoying an elevated position, high ceilings and an abundance of natural light, the apartment offers a bright and spacious feel throughout. The open-plan living and dining area extends to a generous north facing balcony, creating a seamless indoor-outdoor space that captures refreshing breezes year-round. The property features a spacious bedroom with built-in wardrobes, a modern bathroom and a secure car space, all within a well-maintained, low-maintenance complex. Apartment Features: • Top-floor position with abundance of natural light • Open-plan living and dining area • High ceilings throughout creating a spacious feel • Large north facing balcony with leafy views • Modern kitchen with ample storage • Bedroom with built-in wardrobes • Modern bathroom with built in laundry • Air-conditioning throughout Just 3km from the Brisbane CBD, Kelvin Grove continu

Set high above a quiet, leafy street just minutes from Brisbane's CBD, this beautifully presented top-floor two-bedroom apartment offers an appealing combination of inner-city convenience, privacy and relaxed living. Freshly painted and featuring brand-new hybrid flooring, the apartment feels bright, fresh and ready to enjoy from the moment you step inside. An exposed brick feature wall adds warmth and character to the living space, while the elevated position captures a peaceful, leafy outlook. The open-plan living and dining area is light-filled and inviting, flowing seamlessly onto the balcony the perfect spot for your morning coffee, an evening drink or simply unwinding at the end of the day. And in the mornings, you may even be greeted by the local kookaburras who regularly visit the balcony. Both bedrooms are generously sized and feature ceiling fans, while air conditioning to the living area and main bedroom provides year-round comfort. One of the apartment's standout features i

Meticulously crafted by three of Australia's top design studios, Rothelowman, Carr Design and Form Landscape Architects, Ethereal's architecture makes a dynamic yet elegant contribution to the Indooroopilly landscape. Each residence has been designed to take full advantage of surrounding views and outlooks, enhanced by the unique sloping nature of its position. Residence 407 has been created to endure, maximising elevated outlooks, orientation, natural light, and privacy for occupants. Refined finishes frame the 113sqm home with open plan interiors spilling out onto an expansive veranda creating an extended living room. Car accommodation and additional storage has been well considered with Residence 407 featuring two side by side secure carparks plus basement storage. This highly considered residence is located within a stone's throw to renowned primary and secondary schools, the University of Queensland, lifestyle amenity including Indooroopilly Golf Course and shopping precincts. Eth

Meticulously crafted by three of Australia's top design studios, Rothelowman, Carr Design and Form Landscape Architects, Ethereal's architecture makes a dynamic yet elegant contribution to the Indooroopilly landscape. Each residence has been designed to take full advantage of surrounding views and outlooks, enhanced by the unique sloping nature of its position. Find repose at the end of each day in one of Ethereal's expansive and exquisitely appointed 3-bedroom residences. With natural light streaming in through the treetops, these carefully curated homes are composed of refined finishes including engineered timber floors, timber veneer joinery, premium Miele appliances, Astra Walker tapware, and natural stone benchtops. Residence 901 strikes the ideal balance between luxury and practicality featuring 167sqm of elevated open plan living framed by stunning city views. Storage and carpark accommodation have been well considered with two side-by-side secure carparks and the convenience of

Meticulously crafted by three of Australia's top design studios, Rothelowman, Carr Design and Form Landscape Architects, Ethereal's architecture makes a dynamic yet elegant contribution to the Indooroopilly landscape. Each residence has been designed to take full advantage of surrounding views and outlooks, enhanced by the unique sloping nature of its position. Ethereal features a premium collection of 2 Bedroom plus MPR residences designed for the owner occupier and downsizer. Interiors champion a timeless aesthetic through refined finishes and bespoke joinery details. Residence 205 has been carefully curated across 131sqm and whilst innately sophisticated, will become a sanctuary in which to gather, entertain and unwind with loved ones while enjoying stunning leafy views to the Border Ranges and Mount Barney. Car accommodation and additional storage has been careful considered with Residence 205 featuring two side by side secure car parks plus convenient basement storage. Ethereal's

Meticulously crafted by three of Australia's top design studios, Rothelowman, Carr Design and Form Landscape Architects, Ethereal's architecture makes a dynamic yet elegant contribution to the Indooroopilly landscape. Each residence has been designed to take full advantage of surrounding views and outlooks, enhanced by the unique sloping nature of its position. Find repose at the end of each day in one of Ethereal's expansive and exquisitely appointed 3-bedroom residences. These carefully curated homes are composed of refined finishes including engineered timber floors, timber veneer joinery, premium Miele appliances, Astra Walker tapware, and natural stone benchtops. Residence 703 presents a timeless yet sophisticated offering occupying an ideal position on Ethereal's North East corner. This home will become a sanctuary in which to gather, entertain and unwind with loved ones. Vast proportions spread across 198sqm and high ceilings are enhanced by optimum natural light, filtering in t

Contact Agent For Private Inspection On level six of 'Como' Teneriffe, Unit 605 pairs two king sized bedrooms with a genuine home office setup, in a floorplan that runs to 94 square metres internally and 106 square metres in total. Living and dining share a single open span of roughly nine by four metres, held under 2.55 metre ceilings and lit along its length by full height glass. Timber flooring runs underfoot, ceiling fans and air conditioning keep the space comfortable, and the room opens onto a private balcony. The kitchen sits at the end of the living run, finished with stone benchtops, a breakfast bar, full height cabinetry, a separate pantry and European gas appliances, open to the room rather than closed behind a wall. Both bedrooms are king sized, each with its own walk in robe and private ensuite, carpet underfoot. The main bedroom opens directly to the balcony and is fitted with acoustic glazing and a television connection, and the second bedroom's ensuite is fitted with a

Perfectly positioned in one of Clayfield's most convenient pockets, this inviting two-bedroom apartment offers an appealing combination of comfort, space and easy care living. Set on the first floor with no stairs required to enter the apartment, it enjoys a desirable north/south orientation with excellent cross ventilation and a tranquil leafy outlook. Whether you are a first home buyer, downsizer, investor or simply looking for a well connected lifestyle, this apartment offers an outstanding opportunity in a highly sought after location. The light filled open plan living and dining area flows effortlessly onto the private balcony, creating a lovely space to relax and enjoy the peaceful surroundings. Both bedrooms are generously proportioned with built-in wardrobes, while the master bedroom also enjoys direct balcony access. Features include: Two generous bedrooms, both with built-in wardrobes Master bedroom with direct access to the balcony Spacious open plan living and dining area P

Positioned in a quiet, leafy pocket of Nundah, this stylish top-floor residence offers the perfect combination of space, sophistication and convenience. Built in 2021 and nestled within an exclusive complex of just nine apartments, this is an exceptional opportunity for owner-occupiers and investors alike. Thoughtfully designed to maximise comfort and functionality, the spacious floorplan offers three generous bedrooms, two bathrooms, a dedicated study area and an additional powder rooman increasingly rare feature in apartment living. High-quality finishes throughout, combined with ducted air-conditioning and an abundance of storage, create a home that is both practical and luxurious. The light-filled open-plan living and dining area is complemented by a contemporary kitchen and seamless indoor living spaces, while the top-floor position captures cooling breezes and provides enhanced privacy. Stylish tiled flooring flows through the main living areas, with plush carpets adding warmth a

Held by the same owner for more than three decades, this much-loved first-floor residence presents a wonderful opportunity to secure an oversized unit in one of Clayfield's most tightly held pockets. Positioned on the corner of a solid 1960s complex, the generous 107m² floorplan is filled with natural light, refreshing cross breezes, and high ceilings that create an immediate sense of space. Comfortable as it is today, there's also exciting potential to update and add your own style over time. The spacious open-plan lounge flows effortlessly to a separate dining area and well-appointed kitchen, creating a practical layout for everyday living. Updated in the 1990's, both the kitchen and bathroom offer excellent storage and functionality while providing scope to further modernise if desired. Both bedrooms are generously proportioned with built-in wardrobes, while the oversized master bedroom enjoys the added bonus of its own private balconya peaceful place to enjoy your morning coffee or

Inspections by appointment - Please call Nick 0407 736 046 This luxury apartment provides the ultimate lifestyle combined with the conveniences of modern living. Some homes are defined by their floor plan. Others by the lifestyle they create. U204 / 18 Mermaid Street, Chermside, is one of those homes. Nestled on an elevated street in Chermside, this architect-designed two-bedroom residence within the highly regarded Evoke by Mosaic offers an exceptional lifestyle opportunity defined by quality, comfort, and iconic style. Upon entry, you are welcomed into a generous open plan living, dining, and kitchen space with high ceilings that enhance the sense of openness and light. The kitchen is a sophisticated centrepiece, boasting sleek stone benchtops, an electric cooktop, modern integrated appliances, a double sink, and a breakfast bar - perfect for casual meals or entertaining guests. The air-conditioned living and dining area is designed for both relaxation and socialising. Sliding glass

Positioned on the 18th floor of the iconic FV Residences designed by internationally acclaimed architects Elenberg FraserThis beautifully presented two-bedroom, two-bathroom apartment with one secure basement car space captures sweeping Brisbane skyline views, with Mt Coot-tha providing a stunning backdrop. Designed by internationally acclaimed architects Elenberg Fraser, FV Residences has earned its reputation as one of Brisbane's premier residential addresses. Residents enjoy exceptional resort-style facilities together with the convenience of living just moments from James Street, Howard Smith Wharves and Brisbane CBD. Natural light fills the open-plan living and dining area through full-height glazing, while the generous balcony extends the living space outdoors. Whether it's your morning coffee, an evening drink with friends or simply watching the city come alive after dark, this is a home designed to be enjoyed every day. The kitchen combines clean contemporary design with everyd

Brand New, Move In Now Commanding a prized corner position within Victoria Residences, Sky Home 201 delivers an extraordinary 190sqm of living with sweeping north-east views stretching as far as the eye can see. Blending scale, light, and thoughtful design, this residence embodies the pinnacle of inner-city living - a home of sophistication, comfort, and effortless entertaining. Sky Home Features: Prime Corner Position Spectacular north-east views with an abundance of natural light Expansive Living Over 40sqm of open-plan living seamlessly connecting to a private outdoor balcony Entertainer's Kitchen Featuring premium Miele appliances, granite benchtops, butler's pantry, and a dedicated bar area Flexible Accommodation Three generous bedrooms plus media room for work or leisure Luxurious Master Suite His & hers wardrobes, double vanity ensuite with freestanding bath, separate shower, and private toilet Practical Spaces Large laundry with additional storage and a thoughtfully zoned floor

Set within the iconic and beautifully restored MacArthur Chambers Residences, this impressive 81sqm apartment offers a rare combination of history, elegance, space and inner-city convenience. Beautifully appointed with quality finishes including white marble, granite kitchen benchtops and ornate ceilings, it delivers a level of charm and sophistication which is increasingly difficult to find in modern city apartments. Built in the 1930's, it is an architectural masterpiece of Australian sandstone and Italian marble, commanding a distinguished presence on the corner of Queen and Edward Streets. Comprised of 74 residences across nine levels and played an important role during World War II, when it was occupied by Allied forces between 1942 and 1945. In 1990, the building was thoughtfully reopened as MacArthur Chambers Residences, named in honour of General Douglas MacArthur. Its historical significance was further recognised when it was Heritage Listed in 1992. Positioned on Level 1, Uni

Offering a generous layout in a highly convenient inner-north position, 4/24 Fuller Street provides an excellent opportunity for buyers seeking a comfortable home or investment with plenty of space and easy access to Brisbane's CBD. The apartment features two well-proportioned bedrooms, a central bathroom and a spacious open plan living and dining area that creates an inviting hub for everyday living. Large windows allow plenty of natural light into the interiors, while the balcony extends the living space outdoors and provides a pleasant setting to enjoy a morning coffee or unwind at the end of the day. The practical kitchen is positioned alongside the main living area, providing good functionality and storage, while the generous proportions throughout make the apartment feel comfortable and easy to live in. An oversized remote single lock-up garage provides secure parking and valuable additional storage, with ample room to comfortably accommodate a car along with a motorcycle if requ

Located in Gaia's River Tower, this exquisite residence captures wide, breath-taking Brisbane River views where the river bends around New Farm. From the minute you arrive at Gaia's Porte Cochere, luxurious living unfolds - from the resort-style parkland, to the luxurious finishings. Residence 1405 features three-bedrooms plus a multi-purpose room - ideal for an in-home theatre, hobbies, or a spacious office. High ceilings and full height glass all maximise the views and natural light, with luxurious finishings including natural stone benchtops, V-ZUG appliances and PARISI tapware. The open plan kitchen and living area seamlessly open onto a spacious balcony - all taking in the beautiful scenic river views. You can even wake up to the tranquil views, as your large master suite also faces the river. A hallmark feature of Gaia is its 30+ leisure, wellness and parkland zones - bringing together the best of luxury, nature and community. Located in a quiet pocket of the inner-city, Gaia als

More than just a place to live, Gaia - Kangaroo Point is an intentionally crafted community that delivers an elevated, resort-style lifestyle - seamlessly blending luxury, nature, and connection. Set on an elevated and picturesque riverside site, Gaia is paving the way for a new style of living, with more than 30 leisure, wellness and parkland spaces. Located on the Kangaroo Point peninsula, Gaia is just moments from the CBD and enjoys a spectacular riverfront location overlooking an impressively wide bend of the Brisbane River, with sweeping views across to the New Farm peninsula. Gaia is the ultimate escape that defies its urban surroundings - a place where nature takes centre stage to define your tranquil lifestyle experience. Residence 1504 features three-bedrooms, a multi-purpose room, open plan living and stunning river views. Premium and connected Brisbane location - short walk to city and river Absolute river and city views Open-plan living Luxurious finishes with natural stone

Come home to nature at luxurious Gaia, situated on the banks of the river in inner-city Brisbane. Offering a serene waterfront sanctuary, Gaia features an extensive private parkland with more than 30 nature and leisure zones. If you work in the CBD, it's an easy walk thanks to the new Kangaroo Point Green Bridge and if you work from home, Gaia offers meeting rooms and even outdoor WFH booths. Luxurious both inside and out, apartment 11306 features natural stone and timber flooring, high ceilings and floor to ceiling windows to best capture the neighbourhood views. Premium and connected Brisbane location - short walk to city and river Absolute river and city views Open-plan living Luxurious finishes with natural stone features Over 30 wellness & leisure zones, including: Riverside pool, pool terrace, hot and cold plunge pools Inner-city Brisbane's largest private parkland Indoor/outdoor gymnasium Rooftop entertaining spaces Garden workshop Yoga lawn Outdoor cinema Private dining room Wo

This luxurious four bedroom riverfront apartment boasts breath-taking panoramic views, capturing one of the Brisbane River's widest aspects as it bends around New Farm. Gaia - Kangaroo Point is located in a tranquil and quiet pocket of the inner-city. The design brings together luxury, nature and community, and features over 30 leisure and wellness zones with expansive landscaping. From the minute you arrive at the Porte Cochere, luxurious living unfolds. From the resort-style parkland, to the luxurious finishings, Gaia is setting a new benchmark for inner-urban living. Open plan living, high ceilings and full height glass all maximise the views and natural light, with luxurious finishings including natural stone benchtops and V-ZUG appliances. Premium and connected Brisbane location - short walk to city and river Absolute river and city views Open-plan living Expansive floor plan Natural stone features Over 30 wellness & leisure zones, including: Riverside pool, pool terrace, hot and

UNDER CONSTRUCTION - NOW SELLING INSPECT THE DISPLAY SUITE: Open Wednesday to Saturday 10am - 12.00pm Or By Private Appointment SALES DISPLAY LOCATED AT: 4 Cowper St, Yeronga Prepare to fall in love with this contemporary 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom home with 1 car accommodation with private storage in the basement. It is a true marvel of modern design, featuring a thoughtfully designed layout, flourishing gardens, and an incredible locale. Jardinia is a statement of discerning taste - Life in Yeronga means having the world at your feet and a warm village neighbourhood at your doorstep. This residence is a testament to the exceptional craftsmanship of Wiltshire Stevens Architecture, with sculptural quality and refined interiors second to none, extending beyond its walls into the tree-lined streets of Yeronga. Designed for seamless indoor-outdoor living, its expansive layout boasts high ceilings, a large 18sqm balcony, and floor-to-ceiling glass stacker doors blurring interior-exterior bounda